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Estimates for World War II Casualties vary, but most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million soldiers and 40 million civilians. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, and genocide. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war, about half of all World War II casualties. Of the total deaths in World War II, approximately 85% were on the Allied side (mostly Soviet and Chinese) and 15% on the Axis side. One estimate is that 12 million civilians died in Holocaust camps, 1.5 million by bombs, 7 million in Europe from other causes, and 7.5 million in China from other causes.
| Country | Population 1939 | Military Deaths | Civilian Deaths | Jewish Holocaust Deaths | Total Deaths | Deaths as % of 1939 Population |
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| Canada | 11,267,000 | 45,300 | | | 45,300 | 0.40% |
| China | 517,568,000 | 3,800,000 | 16,200,000 | | 20,000,000 | 3.86% |
| France | 41,700,000 | 217,600 | 267,000 | 83,000 | 567,600 | 1.35% |
| Germany | 69,623,000 | 5,533,000 | 1,540,000 | 160,000 | 7,233,000 | 10.38% |
| Italy | 44,394,000 | 301,400 | 145,100 | 8,000 | 454,500 | 1.02% |
| Japan | 71,380,000 | 2,120,000 | 580,000 | | 2,700,000 | 3.78% |
| Poland | 34,849,000 | 240,000 | 2,360,000 | 3,000,000 | 5,600,000 | 16.07% |
| Romania | 19,934,000 | 300,000 | 64,000 | 469,000 | 833,000 | 4.22% |
| Soviet Union | 168,500,000 | 10,700,000 | 11,400,000 | 1,000,000 | 23,100,000 | 13.71% |
| United Kingdom | 47,760,000 | 382,700 | 67,100 | | 449,800 | 0.94% |
| United States | 131,028,000 | 416,800 | 1,700 | | 418,500 | 0.32% |
| Yugoslavia | 15,400,000 | 446,000 | 514,000 | 67,000 | 1,027,000 | 6.67% |
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