Catapult
A catapult is a mechanical device used for hurling large missiles. In ancient times, they were military engines used to break down stone fortifications or intimidate an enemy. In modern times, catapults are used to launch planes off of aircraft carriers.
The three main types of catapults are the ballista, the onager, and the trebuchet.
Mangonels are a type of medieval onager that has a bucket holding the projectile(s) instead of a sling.
Perriers are a type of trebuchet that derives power from traction rather than gravity. People pull on ropes attached to the arm of the trebuchet.
Petraria are catapults designed to throw stones.