Right

From Encyc

A right is a rule that groups of people agree to pertaining to how they will treat individuals. Some people think rights come from God, or nature, or are conventions that members of society can change.

The English were innovators in this area, signing the Magna Carta in the 13th century. English and French philosophers developed the idea further during the Englightenment, and it became popular during the American Revolution and the French Revolution.