Codeine

Codeine is a pain-killing drug refined from raw opium.

Some over the counter products contain small amounts of codeine, while other opiods are only available by prescription.^[1]

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References

↑ "Codeine: What's the story?" (PDF). Canal Communities Drug and Alcohol Task Force. 2023. Retrieved 2026-05-08. Codeine is a painkiller available in tablet, capsule or liquid form. It is found in many medicines which can be bought over the counter (OTC), prescribed by a doctor, given to you by others, or purchased on-line.
↑ Philip G. Boysen; Jenilkumar H. Patel; Angelle N. King (2023). "Brief History of Opioids in Perioperative and Periprocedural Medicine to Inform the Future". Ochsner Journal. 23 (1): 43–49. doi:10.31486/toj.22.0065. ISSN 1524-5012. Retrieved 2026-05-08. Facilitating the administration of opioids, Irish physician Francis Rynd introduced the hollow needle in 1844 to treat a patient's acute facial pain. In an account of the successful operation, Rynd wrote that the patient's pain ceased within a minute of the treatment. French physician Charles-Gabriel Pravaz introduced the piston syringe in 1853. Pravaz's syringe was designed for injecting coagulant into aneurysms, but it was modified and used for the administration of drugs. Scottish physician Alexander Wood used the hypodermic syringe to inject morphine hydrochloride into patients, and he noted a remarkably rapid effect of the treatments. These devices made controlled dosing of drugs, including opioids, possible.
↑ Canada, Health (2022-01-26). "Codeine: Uses, effects and risks". Canada.ca. Retrieved 2026-05-08.
↑ "Codeine: A Brief History". Narconon International. 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2026-05-08.

[drugsandalcohol-1] "Codeine: What's the story?" (PDF). Canal Communities Drug and Alcohol Task Force. 2023. Retrieved 2026-05-08. Codeine is a painkiller available in tablet, capsule or liquid form. It is found in many medicines which can be bought over the counter (OTC), prescribed by a doctor, given to you by others, or purchased on-line.

[ochsnerjournalBriefHistoryOpioids-2] Philip G. Boysen; Jenilkumar H. Patel; Angelle N. King (2023). "Brief History of Opioids in Perioperative and Periprocedural Medicine to Inform the Future". Ochsner Journal. 23 (1): 43–49. doi:10.31486/toj.22.0065. ISSN 1524-5012. Retrieved 2026-05-08. Facilitating the administration of opioids, Irish physician Francis Rynd introduced the hollow needle in 1844 to treat a patient's acute facial pain. In an account of the successful operation, Rynd wrote that the patient's pain ceased within a minute of the treatment. French physician Charles-Gabriel Pravaz introduced the piston syringe in 1853. Pravaz's syringe was designed for injecting coagulant into aneurysms, but it was modified and used for the administration of drugs. Scottish physician Alexander Wood used the hypodermic syringe to inject morphine hydrochloride into patients, and he noted a remarkably rapid effect of the treatments. These devices made controlled dosing of drugs, including opioids, possible.

[CodeineUses-3] Canada, Health (2022-01-26). "Codeine: Uses, effects and risks". Canada.ca. Retrieved 2026-05-08.

[narcononCodeine-4] "Codeine: A Brief History". Narconon International. 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2026-05-08.

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